The municipality has about 1,800 inhabitants and is situated on a rocky hill to the right of the Tammaro River.
Some archaeological findings prove that urban settlements already existed during the Roman period.
The first document attesting to the existence of the village dates back to the 12th century and is named ‘Pesculum’. The name took on different forms over the centuries, from ‘Pescum’ it was changed to ‘Pesco’, ‘Lo Pesco’, ‘Lo Pesco de la Macza’ and ‘Pescolamazza’ until it became the present ‘Pesco Sannita’ in 1947.
The territory was owned by the Della Marra family, then by the Pignatelli, Caracciolo and D’Aquino families, who were in power until the feudal rights were suppressed in 1806. With the unification of Italy, it was incorporated into the province of Benevento.
The town still preserves intact its historical centre, with its typical medieval appearance, with intersecting streets, squares and alleys and houses built in close proximity.
Oil, wine and cereals are the main local products.