Of Lombard origin, it was the foundation of the first centre of residence for Benedictine monks, its name deriving from the Benedictine monastery of Saints Lupolo and Zosimo of Benevento (today’s church of Santa Sofia).
The territory became the property of Guglielmo di Fontanarosa, Elia di Gesualdo, the Caracciolos and the Carafas in 1506, who held it until the abolition of the feudal system in1806. Subsequently, it was aggregated to the province of Principato Ultra until 1811 and became the province of Benevento after the Unification of Italy.
Today, the inhabitants of San Lupo number around 750. The agricultural centre is known for the quality of its olive oils, which have received prestigious awards from local producers.